What is Food Allergy?

A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to specific proteins found in certain foods. When someone with a food allergy ingests or comes into contact with allergenic food, their immune system mistakenly identifies these proteins as harmful substances and launches an attack.

This immune response triggers a range of symptoms that can affect multiple organ systems in the body.

Food allergies are quite common, affecting people of all ages, although they are more prevalent in children. While any food can potentially cause an allergic reaction, there are eight major food allergens that account for the majority of cases. These include peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, eggs, milk, soy, and wheat.

Food allergies are adverse immune responses triggered by specific foods. They can manifest in various ways and affect different parts of the body. Here are some common types of food allergies:

Peanut Allergy: Peanut allergies are one of the most common and severe food allergies. Even small amounts of peanuts or peanut products can cause an allergic reaction.


Tree Nut Allergy: Tree nuts, such as almonds, walnuts, cashews, and pistachios, can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. People with a tree nut allergy may react to one or more types of nuts.

Milk Allergy: Milk allergies or Lactose intolerance are more common in infants and young children but can persist into adulthood. The allergic reaction is triggered by proteins found in cow's milk and can also include products made from milk, like cheese or yogurt.

Egg Allergy: Eggs are a common allergen, especially in children. The allergy is usually triggered by the proteins in the egg white, although some individuals may be allergic to the yolk as well.

Wheat Allergy: Wheat allergy is an adverse immune response to proteins found in wheat, such as gluten. It differs from celiac disease, which is an autoimmune reaction to gluten.

Soy Allergy: Soy allergies are relatively common, particularly in children. Soybeans and soy products, like tofu or soy milk, contain proteins that can trigger an allergic reaction.

Fish and Shellfish Allergies: Fish and shellfish allergies are among the most prevalent food allergies in adults. Allergic reactions can occur to various types of fish, such as salmon, tuna, or cod, as well as shellfish like shrimp, crab, or lobster.

Sesame Allergy: Sesame allergies are becoming more recognized as a significant allergen. Sesame seeds and sesame oil can cause allergic reactions, ranging from mild to severe.

Sulfite Sensitivity: Sulfites are used as preservatives in various foods and drinks. Some individuals can develop a sensitivity or allergic reaction to sulfites, commonly found in wine, dried fruits, and processed foods.

Other Allergies: There are numerous other food allergies, including those to mustard, celery, lupin, mollusks (e.g., clams or mussels), and more. Each person may have a unique set of food allergies or sensitivities.

It's important to note that food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance or sensitivity to certain food additives, are different from food allergies.

If you suspect you have a food allergy, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and guidance.